What are the phases of application after a trademark has been filed in Germany?

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The sequence of the application procedure is as follows: 

1. Examination – Elements of the application are examined such as compliance to trademark requirements, classes of good/service, clarity of description, and deceptiveness.
2. Registration – After the mark was examined by the trademark office authorities, and there are no absolute grounds for the application to be refused, a certificate of registration will be issued to the applicant.
3. Publication – The registered trademark will then be published in the Markenblatt. The specifics of the registration will be published and be made accessible to the public. The publication phase allows third-parties to check the newly registered mark and file a complaint or opposition if need be.